Difference between forward and sendRedirect

Redirect request is used to redirect to resources to different servers or domains. This transfer of control task is delegated to the browser by the container. That is, the redirect sends a header back to the browser / client. This header contains the resource url to be redirected by the browser. Then the browser initiates a new request to the given url.
Ctrl + C & Ctrl + V
Forward request is used to forward to resources available within the server from where the call is made. This transfer of control is done by the container internally and browser / client is not involved. ^[1]

Redirect sets the response status to 302, and the new url in a Location header, and sends the response to the browser. Then the browser, according to the http specification, makes another request to the new url.
Forward happens entirely on the server. The servlet container just forwards the same request to the target url, without the browser knowing about that. Hence you can use the same request attributes and the same request parameters when handling the new url. And the browser won’t know the url has changed (because it has happened entirely on the server).^[2]

Forward versus redirect

A Controller (in this context, an implementation of HttpServlet) may perform either a forward or a redirect operation at the end of processing a request. It’s important to understand the difference between these two cases, in particular with respect to browser reloads of web pages. ^[3]
Forward

• a forward is performed internally by the servlet
• the browser is completely unaware that it has taken place, so its original URL remains intact
• any browser reload of the resulting page will simple repeat the original request, with the original URL

Redirect

• a redirect is a two step process, where the web application instructs the browser to fetch a second URL, which differs from the original
• a browser reload of the second URL will not repeat the original request, but will rather fetch the second URL
• redirect is marginally slower than a forward, since it requires two browser requests, not one
• objects placed in the original request scope are not available to the second request

In general, a forward should be used if the operation can be safely repeated upon a browser reload of the resulting web page; otherwise, redirect must be used. Typically, if the operation performs an edit on the datastore, then a redirect, not a forward, is required. This is simply to avoid the possibility of inadvertently duplicating an edit to the database.
More explicitly (in terms of common SQL operations) :

• for SELECT operations, use a forward
• for INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations, use a redirect

In HTML, a <FORM> tag can either GET or POST its data. In this context, a GET corresponds to a SELECT-then-forward, and a POST corresponds to an edit-then-redirect.
It’s strongly recommended that forms for the input of search criteria should use GET, while forms for editing database records should use POST.

Difference between forward and sendRedirect

forward
Control can be forward to resources available within the server from where the call is made. This transfer of control is done by the container internally and browser / client is not involved. This is the major difference between forward and sendRedirect. When the forward is done, the original request and response objects are transfered along with additional parameters if needed. ^[4]
redirect
Control can be redirect to resources to different servers or domains. This transfer of control task is delegated to the browser by the container. That is, the redirect sends a header back to the browser / client. This header contains the resource url to be redirected by the browser. Then the browser initiates a new request to the given url. Since it is a new request, the old request and response object is lost.
For example, sendRedirect can transfer control from http://javapapers.com to http://anydomain.com but forward cannot do this.
‘session’ is not lost in both forward and redirect.
To feel the difference between forward and sendRedirect visually see the address bar of your browser,
in forward, you will not see the forwarded address (since the browser is not involved)
in redirect, you can see the redirected address.
When can we use forward and when can we use sendRedirect?
Technical scenario: redirect should be used

• If you need to transfer control to different domain
• To achieve separation of task.

For example, database update and data display can be separated by redirect. Do the PaymentProcess and then redirect to displayPaymentInfo. If the client refreshes the browser only the displayPaymentInfo will be done again and PyamenProcess will not be repeated. But if you use forward in this scenario, both PaymentProcess and displayPaymentInfo will be re-executed sequentially, which may result in incosistent data.
For other than the above two scenarios, forward is efficient to use since it is faster than sendRedirect.
Example for forward and sendRedirect based on real world
Consider the real world scenario, the milk man comes and asks for monthly payment to you in your house. Here house is the container and you are a resource existing in the container. Milk man is the client or browser.
He asks for the monthly payment to you, this is the request made by the browser to resource A. If you go inside your house and ask your mother (another resource B inside the same container) for the cash and come back and deliver to milkman this is called forward.
If you ask the milkman to speak himself to your mother inside your house or you ask the milkman to speak to your father who is in his office (different domain) then this is called redirect.